Association of IL-13, RANTES, and leukotriene C4 synthase gene promoter polymorphisms with asthma and/or atopy in African Americans

Purpose: IL-13, RANTES (Regulated on Activation, Normal T cells Expressed and Secreted), and cysteinyl leukotrienes are asthma and atopy mediators. Two RANTES -403(G to A) and -28(C to G), an -1055 IL-13(C to T), and a -444(A to C) leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been shown in Caucasians and Asians as asthma and atopy risk factors. We studied these SNPs in African Americans with asthma and/or atopy. Methods: We studied 61 patients with asthma and/or atopy and 129 to 157 newborn controls for the -403 RANTES, -28 RANTES, and -1055 IL-13 SNPs, as well as 47 patients and 60 newborn controls for the -444 LTC4S SNP. Results: The two groups did not significantly differ at the genotypes of the -403 and -28 RANTES SNP. On the other hand, the mutant TT genotype for the -1055 IL-13 SNP was detected in 19.7% of patients versus 12.7% in controls (P < 0.04, OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.0-8.0), and the mutant T allele in 58.3% versus 36.6% in controls (P < 0.02, OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.2). In a similar fashion, for the -444 LTC4S SNP, the mutant AC genotype was detected in 19.1% versus 10.0% in controls (P > 0.28); mutant C allele had an OR of 2.1 (95% CI 0.7-6.3). Conclusion: African American asthmatics/atopics had higher frequency of the IT mutant gene for the -1055 IL-13 SNP and of its mutant T allele. Regarding the -444 LTC4S SNP, there was a definite difference, although not statistically significant, with an OR of 2.1 for the mutant AC genotype in patients. If these findings become reproduced by larger studies, it may suggest that IL-13 and LTC4S SNPs can be used as predictive markers for asthma/atopy in African Americans.