Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Storm Surges Under Different Extreme Weather Event and Typhoon Experiments in the South Yellow Sea

In this study, a coupled tide-surge-wave model was developed and applied to the South Yellow Sea. The coupled model simulated the evolution of storm surges and waves caused by extreme weather events, such as tropical cyclones, cold waves, extratropical cyclones coupled with a cold wave, and tropical cyclones coupled with a cold wave. The modeled surge level and significant wave height matched the measured data well. Simulation results of the typhoon with different intensities revealed that the radius to the maximum wind speed of a typhoon with 1.5 times wind speed decreased, and its influence range was farther away from the Jiangsu coastal region; moreover, the impact on surge levels was weakened. Thereafter, eight hypothetical typhoons based on Typhoon Chan-hom were designed to investigate the effects of varying typhoon tracks on the extreme value and spatial distribution of storm surges in the offshore area of Jiangsu Province. The typhoon along path 2 mainly affected the Rudong coast, and the topography of the Rudong coast was conducive to the increase in surge level. Therefore, the typhoon along path 2 induced the largest surge level, which reached up to 2.91 m in the radial sand ridge area. The maximum surge levels in the Haizhou Bay area and the middle straight coastline area reached up to 2.37 and 2.08m, respectively. In terms of typhoons active in offshore areas, the radial sand ridge area was most likely to be threatened by typhoon-induced storm surges.