Study of annual performance and capacity of data center passive cooling mode

This article studies a new architecture of a thermosyphon loop and its capacity to cool data center considering the climate of several cities in France. A parametric experimental study is carried out to show the effect of the refrigerant fill ratio, the input heat load, and the outside temperature. The optimal fill ratio is 16% and the maximum cooling capacity is 1900 W when the data center outside temperature is 20 degrees C. A hydraulic and thermal analytical model is developed to simulate the thermosyphon loop, and it is validated with the experimental results. The cooling load of a typical data center with ten racks, each one dissipates 4.5 kW, is simulated by TRNSYS software for the eight chosen cities in France. The annual performance shows that the percentage of undissipated heat is 13.4% in Marseille that has the highest annual average outside temperature and 2.7% in Caen that has the lowest summer average outside temperature of the data center. The particularity of this work is that it gives the annual performance of a new architecture of a thermosyphon loop in several cities of France with different climates and without electricity consumption.