Effect of Application Frequency and Reduced Rates of Acibenzolar-S-Methyl on the Field Efficacy of Induced Resistance Against Bacterial Spot on Tomato

Huang, C.-H., Vallad, G. E., Zhang, S., Wen, A., Balogh, B., Figueiredo, J. F. L., Behlau, F., Jones, J. B., Momol, M. T., and Olson, S. M. 2012. Effect of application frequency and reduced rates of acibenzolar-S-methyl on the field efficacy of induced resistance against bacterial spot on tomato. Plant Dis. 96:221-227. Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), a plant activator known to induce systemic acquired resistance, has demonstrated an ability to manage a number of plant diseases, including bacterial spot on tomato caused by four distinct Xanthomonas spp. The aim of this study was to evaluate application rate and frequency of ASM in order to optimize field efficacy against bacterial spot in Florida, while minimizing its impact on marketable yields. ASM was applied biweekly (once every 2 weeks) as a foliar spray at a constant concentration of 12.9, 64.5, and 129 mu M throughout four field experiments during 2007-08. A standard copper program and an untreated control were also included. Overall, biweekly applications of ASM did not significantly reduce disease development or the final disease severity of bacterial spot compared with the copper-mancozeb standard or the untreated control. Only one experiment showed a significant reduction in the final disease severity on plants treated with ASM at 129 mu M compared with the untreated control. Three additional field trials conducted during 2009-10 to evaluate the effects of weekly and biweekly applications of ASM at concentrations of 30.3 to 200 mu M found that weekly applications provided significantly better disease control than biweekly applications. The tomato yields were not statistically improved with the use of ASM relative to the untreated control and standard copper program. Weekly ASM applications at rates as low as 75 mu M (equivalent to 1.58 g a.i./ha in 100 liters of water or 0.21 oz. a.i./acre in 100 gallons of water) to 200 mu M (equivalent to 4.20 g a.i./ha in 100 liters of water or 0.56 oz. a.i./acre in 100 gallons of water) were statistically equivalent in managing bacterial spot of tomato without significantly reducing yield compared with the untreated control.