Neurological manifestations of avian influenza viruses in mammals

The H5N1 viruses isolated from humans in Hong Kong directly infected both mice and ferrets without prior adaptation to either host. Two representative viruses, A/Hong Kong/483/97 (HK/483) and A/Hong Kong/486/97 (HK/486) were equally virulent in outbred ferrets but differed in their virulence in inbred mice. Both HK/483 and HK/486 replicated systemically in ferrets and showed neurologic manifestations. In contrast, intranasal infection of mice with HK/483, but not HK/486, resulted in viral spread to the brain, neurologic signs, and death. However, HK/486 was able to replicate in the brain and induce lethal disease following direct intracerebral inoculation.