Early Adverse Events Following Pediatric Mandibular Advancement: Analysis of the ACS NSQIP-Pediatric Database

Objective This study aims to assess early adverse events and patient factors associated with complications following mandible distraction osteogenesis (MDO). Materials and Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric (NSQIP-Pediatric) database, years 2012 to 2019, was queried for patients undergoing mandible advancement via relevant Current Procedural Terminology and postoperative diagnosis codes. Thirty-day adverse events and co-morbidities are assessed. Results A total of 208 patients were identified with 17.3% (n = 36) experiencing an adverse event, reoperation (n = 14), and readmission (n = 11) being most common. Patients < 365 days old at the time of operation were more likely to experience an adverse event (26.1% vs 10.8%; P = .005). However, among patients less than 1 year of age, differences in the complication rates between patients <= 28 days and >28 days (30.2% vs 22.2%; P = .47) and those weighing <= 4 kg and >4 kg (31.7% vs 11.5%; P = .063) did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions Adverse events following mandible advancement are relatively common, though often minor. In our analysis of the NSQIP-Pediatric database, neonatal age ( <= 28 days) or weight <= 4 kg did not result in a statistically significant increase in complications among patients less than 1 year of age. Providers should consider early intervention in patients who may benefit from MDO.