Data communication for real-time positioning and navigation in global navigation satellite systems (GNSS)/continuously operating reference stations (CORS) networks

Today, global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), real time differential correction techniques, CORS networks, GNSS user equipments, wireless communications and networking (WCN) systems, cellular systems, mobile navigation and Internet GPS are the systems used for different purposes in scientific, commercial and daily life areas. The latest innovations and developments in these systems play vital role in human life. Especially real-time positioning and navigation applications, mainly in terms of spatial-based applications, networking and telecommunication technologies usage integrated GNSS/CORS networks are increasing in every area. In this paper, we present the classification of GNSS, past and present of GNSS/CORS networks, spatial geodetic infrastructure works in the world, real-time positioning techniques, and communication systems used for them.