Comparison of mortality and its causes in patients with complicated systemic lupus erythematosus on hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis: A meta-analysis

Background: Lupus nephritis is one of the most serious complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Ten percent to 20% of patients with SLE progress to end-stage renal disease and would require renal replacement therapy or renal transplantation. In this analysis, we aimed to systematically compare mortality and the causes of mortality in patients with complicated SLE who were treated on hemodialysis (HD) versus peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methods: Cochrane Central, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, and were searched for studies that compared HD versus PD in patients with SLE. The RevMan software version 5.4 (RevMan software, Cochrane Collaborations, United Kingdom) was used to analyze data. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q and the I-2 statistical tests. In this analysis, a random effects model was used during data assessment. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to represent the results following analysis. Results: A total number of 3405 SLE participants were included in this analysis, whereby 2841 were assigned to HD and 564 participants were assigned to PD. In patients with SLE who were on dialysis, our analysis showed that the risk of mortality was similar with HD and PD (RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.45-1.07; P = .10). When the cause of mortality was analyzed, cardiovascular death (RR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.31-1.31; P = .22), death due to infection (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.47-1.17; P = .20), death due to a respiratory cause (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.18-6.21; P = .95), cause of death due to SLE flare up (RR, 2.54; 95% CI, 0.39-16.37; P = .33), and other causes of death (RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.35-1.77; P = .57) were not significantly different with HD and PD. Conclusion: This current analysis showed that in SLE patients who required dialysis, the risk of mortality between HD and PD was similar, and the causes of death including cardiovascular, infective, respiratory, SLE flare up, and other causes were not significantly different. Therefore, both dialysis methods were tolerable in these patients with SLE. Further studies with larger data would be required to confirm this hypothesis.