THE SOCIAL IDEAL OF F. M. DOSTOEVSKY AND THEOCRATIC PROJECT OF V. S. SOLOVYOV IN ASSESSMENTS OF THINKERS OF THE SILVER AGE

The paper studies the reception of social and theocratic ideas of F. M. Dostoevsky and V. S. Solovyov by Silver Age thinkers (N. A. Berdyaev, S. N. Bulgakov, V. V. Rozanov, Vyach. I. Ivanov, D. S. Merezhkovsky, D. V. Filosofov, E. N. Trubetskoy, A. S. Volzhsky (Glinka), S. A. Askoldov (Alekseev) and others). Dostoevsky and Solovyov developed the ideal of "Christian politics," according to which the state and public spheres are sanctified by spiritual authority of the church and are directed towards the highest goal - the erection of the Kingdom of God on earth. The call made in Dostoevsky's Pushkin speech, as well as Solovyov's theocratic prophecies, remained almost unappreciated and unclaimed by contemporaries; at the beginning of the 20th century these ideas began to be discussed again. Dostoevsky and Solovyov are key figures for thinkers of religious renaissance. The great novelist became a forerunner of Christian freedom, rejecting all earthly authorities, as well as a precursor of the religious revolution, denying any human power in the name of divine authority. Despite the fact that Silver Age thinkers were largely unaffected by Soloviev's philosophical doctrines, he became the prophet of a "new religious consciousness," setting main topics for the further development of Russian thought and raising questions about the religious community, the role of the church, religious justification of culture, the sense of marriage and sexual love, as well as giving faith in the possibility of renewal of historical Christianity.