Liver damage in brown trout, Salmo trutta L, and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), following administration of the cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystin-LR via the dorsal aorta

Purified microcystin-LR (MC-LR) was administered via the dorsal aorta to brown trout, Salmo trutta L., or rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), and, within 24 h, a dose of 300 mu g MC-LR kg(-1) caused increased activities in the blood by enzymes originating mainly from the liver, i.e. lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alanine transaminase (ALT). A dose of 75 mu g MC-LR kg(-1) significantly increased liver enzyme activities in the blood of brown trout at 24 h, but was without effect on rainbow trout, whereas 25 mu g MC-LR kg(-1) had no effect on blood LDH or ALT activities in either species. However, histopathological analysis of liver from both species following administration of the lowest toxin dose showed hepatocyte swelling and necrosis. Liver damage was more severe in brown trout compared to rainbow trout following administration of 300 mu g MC-LR kg(-1), showing disruption of the parenchymal architecture. After 48 h, there was a dose-dependent increase in the hepatosomatic index in both species. It is concluded that brown trout are less tolerant to MC-LR than rainbow trout.