Candida species are the leading cause of invasive fungal infections worldwide and are associated with acute mortality rates of ~50%. Mortality rates are further augmented in the context of host immunosuppression and infection with drug-resistant Candida species. In this review, we outline antifungal drugs already in clinical use for invasive candidiasis and candidaemia, their targets and mechanisms of resistance in clinically relevant Candida species, encompassing not only classical resistance, but also heteroresistance and tolerance. We describe novel antifungal agents and targets in pre-clinical and clinical development, including their spectrum of activity, antifungal target, clinical trial data and potential in treatment of drug-resistant Candida. Lastly, we discuss the use of combination therapy between conventional and repurposed agents as a potential strategy to combat the threat of emerging resistance in Candida.
机构:
Yonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
Lee, Yeonseon
;
Lee, Kyung-Tae
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Yonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
Lee, Kyung-Tae
;
Lee, Soo Jung
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Yonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
Lee, Soo Jung
;
Beom, Ji Yoon
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Chem & Nanosci, Seoul, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
Beom, Ji Yoon
;
Hwangbo, Areum
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Yonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
Hwangbo, Areum
;
Jung, Jin A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Chem & Nanosci, Seoul, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
Jung, Jin A.
;
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机构:
Song, Myoung Chong
;
Yoo, Young Ji
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
iNtRON Biotechnol Inc, Seongnam Si, Gyeonggi Do, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
Yoo, Young Ji
;
Kang, Sang Hyeon
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
iNtRON Biotechnol Inc, Seongnam Si, Gyeonggi Do, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
Kang, Sang Hyeon
;
Averette, Anna F.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Durham, NC 27708 USA
Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA
Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USAYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
Averette, Anna F.
;
Heitman, Joseph
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Durham, NC 27708 USA
Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA
Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USAYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
Heitman, Joseph
;
Yoon, Yeo Joon
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Chem & Nanosci, Seoul, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
Yoon, Yeo Joon
;
Cheong, Eunji
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Yonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
Cheong, Eunji
;
Bahn, Yong-Sun
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Yonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
机构:
Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Med, Madison, WI 53706 USAUniv Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA
Lepak, Alexander J.
;
Zhao, Miao
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Med, Madison, WI 53706 USAUniv Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA
Zhao, Miao
;
VanScoy, Brian
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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Inst Clin Pharmacodynam, Schenectady, NY USAUniv Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA
VanScoy, Brian
;
Ambrose, Paul G.
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Inst Clin Pharmacodynam, Schenectady, NY USAUniv Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA
Ambrose, Paul G.
;
Andes, David R.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA
Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Madison, WI 53706 USAUniv Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA
机构:
Yonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
Lee, Yeonseon
;
Lee, Kyung-Tae
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Yonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
Lee, Kyung-Tae
;
Lee, Soo Jung
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Yonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
Lee, Soo Jung
;
Beom, Ji Yoon
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Chem & Nanosci, Seoul, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
Beom, Ji Yoon
;
Hwangbo, Areum
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Yonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
Hwangbo, Areum
;
Jung, Jin A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Chem & Nanosci, Seoul, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
Jung, Jin A.
;
论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:
Song, Myoung Chong
;
Yoo, Young Ji
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
iNtRON Biotechnol Inc, Seongnam Si, Gyeonggi Do, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
Yoo, Young Ji
;
Kang, Sang Hyeon
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
iNtRON Biotechnol Inc, Seongnam Si, Gyeonggi Do, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
Kang, Sang Hyeon
;
Averette, Anna F.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Durham, NC 27708 USA
Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA
Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USAYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
Averette, Anna F.
;
Heitman, Joseph
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Durham, NC 27708 USA
Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA
Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USAYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
Heitman, Joseph
;
Yoon, Yeo Joon
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Chem & Nanosci, Seoul, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
Yoon, Yeo Joon
;
Cheong, Eunji
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Yonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
Cheong, Eunji
;
Bahn, Yong-Sun
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Yonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea
机构:
Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Med, Madison, WI 53706 USAUniv Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA
Lepak, Alexander J.
;
Zhao, Miao
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Med, Madison, WI 53706 USAUniv Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA
Zhao, Miao
;
VanScoy, Brian
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Inst Clin Pharmacodynam, Schenectady, NY USAUniv Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA
VanScoy, Brian
;
Ambrose, Paul G.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Inst Clin Pharmacodynam, Schenectady, NY USAUniv Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA
Ambrose, Paul G.
;
Andes, David R.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA
Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Madison, WI 53706 USAUniv Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA