Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) play role in tissue engineering investigations, with the combination of orientational ordering generated by liquid crystal (LC) moieties and the elastic capabilities of polymers. Liquid crystal-based polymer materials require a thorough understanding of their features that set them apart from other smart materials for proper design and application. LCEs offer many advantages for their widespread use in the field of biomaterials, by virtue of their simplicity of processing, anisotropic behavior, and responding to numerous external stimuli. Especially, LCEs have widespread usage in bioengineering applications such as scaffolds due to their biocompatibility, viability, and proliferation properties of these materials. This study introduces a brief overview of the new areas of liquid crystal-based elastomer applications combining both biomaterials and engineering.
机构:
Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Bera, Tanmay
;
Freeman, Ernest J.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Freeman, Ernest J.
;
McDonough, Jennifer A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA
McDonough, Jennifer A.
;
Clements, Robert J.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Clements, Robert J.
;
Aladlaan, Asaad
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Sch Biomed Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA
机构:Kent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Malcuit, Christopher
;
Hegmann, Torsten
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Univ Manitoba, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, CanadaKent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Hegmann, Torsten
;
Hegmann, Elda
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA
机构:
Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Boley, J. William
;
Chaudhary, Kundan
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Chaudhary, Kundan
;
Ober, Thomas J.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Ober, Thomas J.
;
Khorasaninejad, Mohammadreza
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Khorasaninejad, Mohammadreza
;
Chen, Wei Ting
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Chen, Wei Ting
;
Hanson, Erik
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Hanson, Erik
;
Kulkarni, Ashish
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Kulkarni, Ashish
;
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机构:
Oh, Jaewon
;
Kim, Jinwoo
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Kim, Jinwoo
;
Aagesen, Larry K.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Aagesen, Larry K.
;
Zhu, Alexander Y.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Zhu, Alexander Y.
;
Capasso, Federico
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Capasso, Federico
;
Thornton, Katsuyo
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Thornton, Katsuyo
;
Braun, Paul V.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Braun, Paul V.
;
Lewis, Jennifer A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
机构:
Kent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Gao, Yunxiang
;
Mori, Taizo
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Mori, Taizo
;
Manning, Sarah
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Manning, Sarah
;
Zhao, Yu
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Zhao, Yu
;
Nielsen, Alek D.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Nielsen, Alek D.
;
Neshat, Abdollah
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Inst Adv Studies Basic Sci IASBS, Dept Chem, Gava Zang, Zajan, IranKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Neshat, Abdollah
;
Sharma, Anshul
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Sharma, Anshul
;
Mahnen, Cory J.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Mahnen, Cory J.
;
Everson, Heather R.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Everson, Heather R.
;
Crotty, Sierra
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Crotty, Sierra
;
Clements, Robert J.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Clements, Robert J.
;
Malcuit, Christopher
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Malcuit, Christopher
;
Hegmann, E.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
机构:
Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Bera, Tanmay
;
Freeman, Ernest J.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Freeman, Ernest J.
;
McDonough, Jennifer A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA
McDonough, Jennifer A.
;
Clements, Robert J.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Clements, Robert J.
;
Aladlaan, Asaad
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Sch Biomed Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA
机构:Kent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Malcuit, Christopher
;
Hegmann, Torsten
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Univ Manitoba, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, CanadaKent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Hegmann, Torsten
;
Hegmann, Elda
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA
机构:
Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Boley, J. William
;
Chaudhary, Kundan
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Chaudhary, Kundan
;
Ober, Thomas J.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Ober, Thomas J.
;
Khorasaninejad, Mohammadreza
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Khorasaninejad, Mohammadreza
;
Chen, Wei Ting
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Chen, Wei Ting
;
Hanson, Erik
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Hanson, Erik
;
Kulkarni, Ashish
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Kulkarni, Ashish
;
论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:
Oh, Jaewon
;
Kim, Jinwoo
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Kim, Jinwoo
;
Aagesen, Larry K.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Aagesen, Larry K.
;
Zhu, Alexander Y.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Zhu, Alexander Y.
;
Capasso, Federico
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Capasso, Federico
;
Thornton, Katsuyo
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Thornton, Katsuyo
;
Braun, Paul V.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Braun, Paul V.
;
Lewis, Jennifer A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USAHarvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
机构:
Kent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Gao, Yunxiang
;
Mori, Taizo
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Mori, Taizo
;
Manning, Sarah
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Manning, Sarah
;
Zhao, Yu
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Zhao, Yu
;
Nielsen, Alek D.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Nielsen, Alek D.
;
Neshat, Abdollah
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Inst Adv Studies Basic Sci IASBS, Dept Chem, Gava Zang, Zajan, IranKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Neshat, Abdollah
;
Sharma, Anshul
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Sharma, Anshul
;
Mahnen, Cory J.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Mahnen, Cory J.
;
Everson, Heather R.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Everson, Heather R.
;
Crotty, Sierra
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Crotty, Sierra
;
Clements, Robert J.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Clements, Robert J.
;
Malcuit, Christopher
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Malcuit, Christopher
;
Hegmann, E.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA
Kent State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Kent, OH 44242 USAKent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Kent, OH 44242 USA