Measurement of the shadowing of high-energy cosmic rays by the Moon:: A search for TeV-energy antiprotons

被引：28

作者：

Achard, P

Adriani, O

Aguilar-Benitez, M

van den Akker, M

Alcaraz, J

Alemanni, G

Allaby, J

Aloisio, A

Alviggi, MG

Anderhub, H

Andreev, VP

Anselmo, F

Arefiev, A

Azemoon, T

Aziz, T

Bagnaia, P

Bajo, A

Baksay, G

Baksay, L

Bähr, J

Baldew, SV

Banerjee, S

Barczyk, A

Barillère, R

Bartalini, P

Basile, M

Batalova, N

Battiston, R

Bay, A

Becattini, F

Becker, U

Behner, F

Bellucci, L

Berbeco, R

Berdugo, J

Berges, P

Bertucci, B

Betev, BL

Biasini, M

Biglietti, M

Biland, A

Blaising, JJ

Blyth, SC

Bobbink, GJ

Böhm, A

Boldizsar, L

Borgia, B

Bottai, S

Bourilkov, D

机构：

[1] Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland

[2] Univ Florence, Sez Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy

[3] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy

[4] CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain

[5] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands

[6] Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands

[7] Univ Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

[8] CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland

[9] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80125 Naples, Italy

[10] Univ Naples Federico II, I-80125 Naples, Italy

[11] ETH, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland

[12] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA

[13] Inst Phys Nucl, St Petersburg, Russia

[14] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy

[15] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy

[16] ITEP, Moscow, Russia

[17] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA

[18] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India

[19] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy

[20] Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy

[21] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA

[22] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany

[23] NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands

[24] Univ Amsterdam, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands

[25] CNRS, LAPP, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France

[26] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland

[27] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA

[28] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy

[29] Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy

[30] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

[31] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA

[32] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

[33] Hungarian Acad Sci, Cent Res Inst Phys, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary

[34] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA

[35] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-85100 Potenza, Italy

[36] Univ Potenza, I-85100 Potenza, Italy

[37] Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan

[38] Univ Lyon 1, Inst Nucl Phys, IN2P3, CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France

[39] Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China

[40] USTC, Hefei 230029, Anhui, Peoples R China

[41] Univ Salerno, I-84100 Salerno, Italy

[42] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-84100 Salerno, Italy

[43] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA

[44] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA

[45] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA

[46] Univ Santiago de Compostela, E-15706 Santiago, Spain

[47] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[48] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy

[49] Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Expt Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland

[50] Univ Basel, Inst Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland

来源：

ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS | 2005年 / 23卷 / 04期

关键词：

D O I：

10.1016/j.astropartphys.2005.02.002

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

The shadowing of high-energy cosmic rays by the Moon has been observed with a significance of 9.4 standard deviations with the L3 + C muon spectrometer at CERN. A significant effect of the Earth magnetic field is observed. Since no event deficit on the east side of the Moon has been observed, an upper limit at 90% confidence level on the antiproton to proton ratio of 0.11 is obtained for primary energies around 1 TeV. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：411 / 434

页数：24

共 39 条

[11] Milagrito, a TeV air-shower array [J].

Atkins, R ;

Benbow, W ;

Berley, D ;

Chen, ML ;

Coyne, DG ;

Delay, RS ;

Dingus, BL ;

Dorfan, DE ;

Ellsworth, RW ;

Espinoza, C ;

Evans, D ;

Falcone, A ;

Fleysher, L ;

Fleysher, R ;

Gisler, G ;

Goodman, JA ;

Haines, TJ ;

Hoffman, CM ;

Hugenberger, S ;

Kelley, LA ;

Klein, S ;

Leonor, I ;

Macri, J ;

McConnell, M ;

McCullough, JF ;

McEnery, JE ;

Miller, RS ;

Mincer, AI ;

Morales, MF ;

Murray, MM ;

Nemethy, P ;

Paliaga, G ;

Ryan, JM ;

Schneider, M ;

Shen, B ;

Shoup, A ;

Sinnis, G ;

Smith, AJ ;

Sullivan, GW ;

Thompson, TN ;

Tumer, OT ;

Wang, K ;

Wascko, MO ;

Westerhoff, S ;

Williams, DA ;

Yang, T ;

Yodh, GB .

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT, 2000, 449 (03) :478-499

[12] Antiprotons from primordial black holes [J].

Barrau, A ;

Boudoul, G ;

Donato, F ;

Maurin, D ;

Salati, P ;

Taillet, R .

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2002, 388 (02) :676-687

[13]

Beach AS, 2001, PHYS REV LETT, V87, DOI [10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.271101, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.271101]

[14] Cosmic antiprotons as a probe for supersymmetric dark matter? [J].

Bergström, L ;

Edsjö, J ;

Ullio, P .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 1999, 526 (01) :215-235

[15] The cosmic-ray antiproton flux between 3 and 49 GeV [J].

Boezio, M ;

Bonvicini, V ;

Schiavon, P ;

Vacchi, A ;

Zampa, N ;

Bergström, D ;

Carlson, P ;

Francke, T ;

Grinstein, S ;

Suffert, M ;

Hof, M ;

Kremer, J ;

Menn, W ;

Simon, M ;

Stephens, SA ;

Ambriola, M ;

Bellotti, R ;

Cafagna, F ;

Ciacio, F ;

Circella, M ;

De Marzo, C ;

Finetti, N ;

Papini, P ;

Piccardi, S ;

Spillantini, P ;

Vannuccini, E ;

Bartalucci, S ;

Ricci, M ;

Casolino, M ;

De Pascale, MP ;

Morselli, A ;

Picozza, P ;

Sparvoli, R ;

Mitchell, JW ;

Ormes, JF ;

Streitmatter, RE ;

Bravar, U ;

Stochaj, SJ .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2001, 561 (02) :787-799

[16] OBSERVATION OF THE SHADOWS OF THE MOON AND SUN USING 100 TEV COSMIC-RAYS [J].

BORIONE, A ;

CATANESE, M ;

COVAULT, CE ;

CRONIN, JW ;

FICK, BE ;

GIBBS, KG ;

GREEN, KD ;

HAUPTFELD, S ;

KIEDA, D ;

KRIMM, HA ;

MASCARENHAS, NC ;

MATTHEWS, J ;

MCKAY, TA ;

MULLER, D ;

NEWPORT, BJ ;

NITZ, D ;

ONG, RA ;

ROSENBERG, LJ ;

SINCLAIR, D ;

VANDERVELDE, JC .

PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 1994, 49 (03) :1171-1177

[17]

BRUN R, 1984, DDEE841 GEANT

[18] ARRIVAL DIRECTIONS OF COSMIC-RAY AIR SHOWERS FROM THE NORTHERN SKY [J].

CLARK, GW .

PHYSICAL REVIEW, 1957, 108 (02) :450-457

[19] Observation of a shadow of the Moon in the underground muon flux in the Soudan 2 detector [J].

Cobb, JH ;

Marshak, ML ;

Allison, WWM ;

Alner, GJ ;

Ayres, DS ;

Barrett, WL ;

Bode, C ;

Border, PM ;

Brooks, CB ;

Cotton, RJ ;

Courant, H ;

Demuth, DM ;

Fields, TH ;

Gallagher, HR ;

Goodman, MC ;

Gran, R ;

Joffe-Minor, T ;

Kafka, T ;

Kasahara, SMS ;

Leeson, W ;

Litchfield, PJ ;

Longley, NP ;

Mann, WA ;

Milburn, RH ;

Miller, WH ;

Moon, C ;

Mualem, L ;

Napier, A ;

Oliver, WP ;

Pearce, GF ;

Peterson, EA ;

Petyt, DA ;

Price, LE ;

Ruddick, K ;

Sanchez, M ;

Sankey, P ;

Schneps, J ;

Schub, MH ;

Seidlein, R ;

Stassinakis, A ;

Thron, JL ;

Vassiliev, V ;

Villaume, G ;

Wakely, SP ;

West, N ;

Wall, D .

PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 2000, 61 (09)

[20] Unified approach to the classical statistical analysis of small signals [J].

Feldman, GJ ;

Cousins, RD .

PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 1998, 57 (07) :3873-3889

← 1 2 3 4 →