Resident/fellow assistance in the operating room for endocrine surgery in the era of fellowships

Background. Historically, a high percentage of endocrine surgical procedures are performed by general surgeons in nonteaching environments. With the institution of accredited fellowships, we sought to determine whether that dynamic is changing. Materials and Methods. The American College of Surgeons National Surgeons Quality Improvement Program was queried for all thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal operations performed during 2005-2008. Resident assistance was classified as none, junior (postgraduate years 1-3), senior (postgraduate years 4 and 5) or fellow (>= postgraduate year 6). Data were also examined for associations between resident/fellow assistance and surgical outcomes. Results. In all, 24.7% of endocrine operations (7,140/29,161) were performed by an attending surgeon operating alone (17.1% adrenals, 27.4% thyroids, and 20.6% parathyroids). Fellows assisted in 6.6% of operations (18.3% adrenals, 4.7% thyroids, and 8.2% parathyroids; 2006: 586 operations, 2007: 629 operations, and 2008: 720 operations). Comparing attending surgeons operating alone with those assisted by residents/fellows, they had shorter operative times (P < .001), longer surgical duration of stay (parathyroid: 1.73 days, thyroid: 1.80 days, P < .001), and a higher prevalence of obese, diabetic, or octogenarian patients. However, no significant difference was found, in the rates of wound infections, medical complications, return to the operating room, or overall morbidity. Conclusion. Even with the increase in endocrine surgery fellowships, almost one fourth of all endocrine operations are still performed by attending surgeons operating alone. Although operations assisted by residents/fellows took longer and patients had a greater duration of stay, there were no significant differences in measured outcomes. (Surgery 2010;148:1065-72.)