Identification of steroidal derivatives inhibiting the transformations of allopregnanolone and estradiol by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10

17 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17 beta-HSD10) is a mitochondrial enzyme known for its potential role in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). 17 beta-HSD10, by its oxidative activity, could decrease the concentration of two important neurosteroids, allopregnanolone (ALLOP) and 17 beta-estradiol (E2), respectively preventing their neurogenesis and neuroprotective effects. Since the inhibition of 17 beta-HSD10 could lead to a new treatment for AD, we developed two biological assays using labeled ALLOP or E2 as substrates to measure the inhibitory activity of compounds against pure 17 beta-HSD10 protein. After the optimization of different parameters (time, concentration of enzyme, substrate and cofactor), analogs of the first reported steroidal inhibitor of 17 beta-HSD10 in intact cells were screened to determine their inhibitory potency for the ALLOP or the E2 oxidation. One compound, androstane derivative 5, possesses the best dual inhibition against both transformations (ALLOP, IC50 = 235 mu M and E2, IC50, = 610 mu M). Some compounds are dual inhibitors to a lesser extent, and others seem selective for one of the transformations in particular. By developing two reliable assays and by identifying a first generation of steroidal inhibitors of pure 17 beta-HSD10, this preliminary study opens the door to new and more potent inhibitors.