Studies on local anesthetic lidocaine hydrochloride delivery via photo-triggered implantable polymeric microneedles as a patient-controlled transdermal analgesia system

This study aimed to develop photo-triggered implantable polymeric microneedles (MNs) for successful drug delivery in a transdermal analgesia system. The prepared iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe(3)O(4)NPs) were coated with polydopamine (PDA) followed by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polycaprolactone (PCL). While the PCL/PVP-Fe(3)O(4)NPs synthesis, the absorption band of PVP at 1656 cm(-1) shifted to 1665 cm(-1) which indicate the presence of interaction between Fe+ and C = O groups. The size and morphology of PCL/PVP-Fe(3)O(4)NPs were examined by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope (SEM and TEM) analysis. The results confirmed that the prepared PCL/PVP-Fe(3)O(4)NPs were spherical with sizes ranging from 9 to 11 nm. The lidocaine hydrochloride content in the microneedles was 3.72 +/- 0.31 mg and A + 2.2S <= L representing that the drug was uniformly distributed. The insertion ability of lidocaine hydrochloride@PCL/PVP-Fe(3)O(4)NPs-DMNs was tested by porcine skin. The results demonstrated outstanding insertion ability and potential for drug delivery. In addition, near-infrared (NIR) irradiation has the potential to penetrate the skin and enhance lidocaine hydrochloride-releasing activity. The in vivo experimental data confirmed that lidocaine hydrochloride@PCL/PVP-Fe(3)O(4)NPs-DMNs allowed for painless drug delivery by breaking the barrier of the stratum corneum. To conclude, lidocaine hydrochloride can be safely delivered through the transdermal analgesic system, with a quick onset time.