Fault based cryptanalysis of the advanced encryption standard (AES)

In this paper we describe several,fault attacks on the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). First, using optical/eddy current fault induction attacks as recently publicly presented by Skorobogatov, Anderson and Quisquater, Samyde [SA,QS], we-present an implementation independent fault attack on AES. This attack is able to determine the complete 128-bit secret key of a sealed tamper-proof smart-card by generating 128 faulty cipher texts. Second, we present several implementation-dependent fault attacks on AES. These attacks rely on the observation that due to the AES's known timing analysis vulnerability (as pointed out by Koeune and Quisquater [KQ]), any implementation of the AES must ensure a data independent timing behavior for the so called AES's xtime operation. We present fault attacks on AES based on various timing analysis resistant implementations of the xtime-operation. Our strongest attack in this direction uses a very liberal fault model and requires only 256 faulty encryptions to determine a 128-bit key.