Durable Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Theoretical Models, Preparation Strategies, and Evaluation Methods

Superhydrophobic surface has broad applications in daily life and industries owing to its unique wettability. However, the micro-nano structures and low surface energy substance of surface are vulnerable to mechanical damage and chemical erosion, often prone to lose their superhydrophobicity. It is of great practical significance to construct durable superhydrophobic surface through morphologic design and performance optimization for its commercialization. In this review, based on the surface wettability model, including classical theory, metastable theory and contact line theory, the development history of superhydrophobic theoretical model is first reviewed, as well as their key guiding roles in the design of superhydrophobic durability. Then, the preparation strategies for durable superhydrophobic surface, such as micro-nano structure design, adhesive + coating, armor protection, self-healing, air cushion replenishment or replacement, are summarized. And the advantages and limitations of each strategy are reviewed. In addition, according to mechanical and chemical stability, the evaluation methods of superhydrophobic durability are illustrated. Finally, the problems and prospects of durable superhydrophobic surface are summarized for the future research of durable superhydrophobic coating.