Review: Mechanisms of ammonium toxicity and the quest for tolerance

被引：330
作者：
Esteban, Raquel [1 ]
Ariz, Idoia [2 ]
Cruz, Cristina [2 ]
Fernando Moran, Jose [1 ]
机构：
[1] IdAB CSIC UPNA Govt Navarre, Inst Agrobiotechnol, Avda Pamplona 123, E-31192 Mutilva, Navarre, Spain
[2] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Ecol Evolucao & Alteracoes Ambientais, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal
来源：
PLANT SCIENCE | 2016年 / 248卷
关键词：
Ammonium; Counterbalance; Gas; Sensitivity; Tolerance; Urea; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; ABSCISIC-ACID; N-SOURCE; ARABIDOPSIS; NUTRITION; NITRATE; NH4+; TRANSPORT;
D O I：
10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.04.008
中图分类号：
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号：
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要：
Ammonium sensitivity of plants is a worldwide problem, constraining crop production. Prolonged application of ammonium as the sole nitrogen source may result in physiological and morphological disorders that lead to decreased plant growth and toxicity. The main causes of ammonium toxicity/tolerance described until now include high ammonium assimilation by plants and/or low sensitivity to external pH acidification. The various ammonium transport-related components, especially the non-electrogenic influx of NH3 (related to the depletion of N-15) and the electrogenic influx of NH4+, may contribute to ammonium accumulation, and therefore to NH3 toxicity. However, this accumulation may be influenced by increasing K+ concentration in the root medium. Recently, new insights have been provided by "omics" studies, leading to a suggested involvement of GDP mannose-pyrophosphorylase in the response pathways of NH4+ stress. In this review, we highlight the cross-talk signaling between nitrate, auxins and NO, and the importance of the connection of the plants' urea cycle to metabolism of polyamines. Overall, the tolerance and amelioration of ammonium toxicity are outlined to improve the yield of ammonium grown plants. This review identifies future directions of research, focusing on the putative importance of aquaporins in ammonium influx, and on genes involved in ammonium sensitivity and tolerance. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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页码：92 / 101
页数：10
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