In modern society, students are used to sitting still. In addition, the excess nutrients they consume, in this case, cause the students physical decline, high obesity rate and early cardiovascular disease. Therefore, in recent years, physical education is actively used to promote students physical fitness promotion programs and cultivate students correct concepts and behaviours because the healthy fitness of the students can maintain a good state, which will help the prevention of the disease and maintain the normal function of the body. In this study, an experimental design model was used for experimental research. A total of 306 middle school students in Hunan Province were selected as experimental subjects for a six-week, three-hour (48 hours) study of physical education experiments. The results of this study were: (1) Physical education has a significant positive impact on the concept of physical self; (2) The physical self-concept has a significant positive impact on healthy fitness, and (3) Physical education has a significant positive impact on physical fitness. This study makes recommendations based on the results, which can improve students physical fitness. It also provides teachers with reference to the application of physical education and future research.