Multiplayer quantum games

Recently the concept of quantum information has been introduced into game theory. Here we present the first study of quantum games with more than two players. We discover that such games can possess an alternative form of equilibrium strategy, one which has no analog either in traditional games or even in two-player quantum games. In these "coherent" equilibria, entanglement shared among multiple players enables different kinds of cooperative behavior: indeed it can act as a contract, in the sense that it prevents players from successfully betraying one another.