Drinking water quality governance: A comparative case study of Brazil, Ecuador, and Malawi

被引:50
作者
Kayser, Georgia L. [1 ,2 ]
Amjad, Urooj [1 ,3 ]
Dalcanale, Fernanda [1 ]
Bartram, Jamie [1 ]
Bentley, Margaret E. [4 ]
机构
[1] Univ N Carolina, Water Inst, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
[2] Univ N Carolina, Dept Publ Policy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
[3] Univ N Carolina, Global Res Inst, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
[4] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
关键词
Water governance; Drinking water quality; Comparative case study; Conceptual framework; Technical assistance; MANAGEMENT; SANITATION; CHALLENGES; INTERVENTIONS; HYGIENE; HEALTH; IMPACT;
D O I
10.1016/j.envsci.2014.12.019
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Human health is greatly affected by inadequate access to sufficient and safe drinking water, especially in low and middle-income countries. Drinking water governance improvements may be one way to better drinking water quality. Over the past decade, many projects and international organizations have been dedicated to water governance; however, water governance in the drinking water sector is understudied and how to improve water governance remains unclear. We analyze drinking water governance challenges in three countries Brazil, Ecuador, and Malawi as perceived by government, service providers, and civil society organizations. A mixed methods approach was used: a clustering model was used for country selection and qualitative semi-structured interviews were used with direct observation in data collection. The clustering model integrated political, economic, social and environmental variables that impact water sector performance, to group countries. Brazil, Ecuador and Malawi were selected with the model so as to represent the diversity of the clusters. This comparative case study is important because similar challenges are identified in the drinking water sectors of each country; while, the countries represent diverse socio-economic and political contexts, and the case selection process provides generalizability to our results. We find that access to safe water could be improved if certain water governance challenges were addressed: coordination and data sharing between ministries that deal with drinking water services; monitoring and enforcement of water quality laws; and sufficient technical capacity to improve administrative and technical management of water services at the local level. From an analysis of our field research, we also developed a conceptual framework that identifies policy levers that could be used to influence governance of drinking water quality on national and sub-national levels, and the relationships between these levers. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:186 / 195
页数:10
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