Valley Spin Sum Rule for Dirac Fermions: Topological Argument

We consider a two-dimensional lattice system with two sites in its unit cell. In such a system, the Bloch band spectrum can have some valley points, around which Dirac fermions appear as low-energy excitations. Each valley point has a valley spin +/- 1. In the system, there are two topological numbers counting vortices and merons in the Brillouin zone, respectively. These numbers are equivalent, and this fact leads to a sum rule that states that the total sum of the valley spins is absent even in a system without time-reversal and parity symmetries. We can see some similarity between the valley spin and chirality in the Nielsen-Ninomiya no-go theorem in odd-spatial dimensions.