Deformation models under intense dynamic loading (Review)

This paper considers currently available models of irreversible deformation processes of materials under dynamic, in particular shock-wave, loading. The models can be divided into three groups: (1) macroscopic (continuum) models-traditional models of continuum mechanics, primarily classical models of elastic-plastic deformation, their various generalizations to the case of dynamic processes and models of viscoelastic relaxation media; (2) microstructural models based on the description of microstructural mechanisms of irreversible deformation (usually, the concept of the kinetics of a dislocation ensemble); (3) atomistic molecular dynamics models and calculations. A special category includes the most promising (from the point of view of the author) multilevel models which combine the advantages of each of these approaches and consider deformation mechanisms of various levels. Examples of calculations using such models are presented.