Anisotropic double-Gaussian analytical wake model for an isolated horizontal-axis wind turbine

An anisotropic double Gaussian (DG) model for analytical wake modeling to predict the streamwise wake velocity behind an isolated non-yawed horizontal-axis wind turbine is proposed. The proposed model is based upon the conservation of mass and momentum inside a streamtube control volume. The wake growth rate parameters to distinguish the wake expansion rate between lateral and vertical directions were tuned based on numerical and measurement data of utility-scale turbines. It was found that the proposed model can give feasible predictions within the full-wake region under different inflow conditions. In addition, the other analytical models based on top-hat shape and single Gaussian approaches were evaluated for comparison. The root-mean-square error statistical analysis was used to evaluate the performance of each examined model under different flow conditions. In general, the proposed model outperformed the other examined models in all wake region categories, particularly within the near-wake region and the onset of the far-wake region, which are beyond the scope of the conventional approach for analytical wake modeling. This advantage gives the potential for the proposed model to provide a better prediction for the wake flow estimation within tightly packed wind farms.