Stability in symptoms of anxiety and depression as a function of genotype and environment: a longitudinal twin study from ages 3 to 63 years

被引：146

作者：

Nivard, M. G. ^{[1
,2
]}

Dolan, C. V. ^{[1
,3
]}

Kendler, K. S. ^{[4
,5
]}

Kan, K. -J. ^{[1
]}

Willemsen, G. ^{[1
,6
]}

van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M. ^{[1
,6
]}

Lindauer, R. J. L. ^{[7
]}

van Beek, J. H. D. A. ^{[1
,6
]}

Geels, L. M. ^{[1
,6
]}

Bartels, M. ^{[1
,6
]}

Middeldorp, C. M. ^{[1
,2
,8
]}

Boomsma, D. I. ^{[1
,2
,6
]}

机构：

[1] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Biol Psychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands

[2] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

[3] Univ Amsterdam, Dept Psychol Methods, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands

[4] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Virginia Inst Psychiat & Behav Genet, Dept Psychiat, Richmond, VA 23284 USA

[5] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Virginia Inst Psychiat & Behav Genet, Dept Human & Mol Genet, Richmond, VA 23284 USA

[6] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, EMGO Inst Hlth & Care Res, Amsterdam, Netherlands

[7] Amsterdam Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Amsterdam, Netherlands

[8] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, GGZ inGeest, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Amsterdam, Netherlands

来源：

PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE | 2015年 / 45卷 / 05期

基金：

欧洲研究理事会;

关键词：

Anxiety symptoms; depression symptoms; longitudinal genetic analysis; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MIDDLE CHILDHOOD; LIFE EVENTS; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; DISORDERS; ADOLESCENCE; REGISTER; ADULTHOOD; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE;

D O I：

10.1017/S003329171400213X

中图分类号：

B849 [应用心理学];

学科分类号：

040203 ;

摘要：

Background. The influence of genetic factors on major depressive disorder is lower than on other psychiatric disorders. Heritability estimates mainly derive from cross-sectional studies, and knowledge on the longitudinal aetiology of symptoms of anxiety and depression (SxAnxDep) across the lifespan is limited. We aimed to assess phenotypic, genetic and environmental stability in SxAnxDep between ages 3 and 63 years. Method. We used a cohort-sequential design combining data from 49 524 twins followed from birth to age 520 years, and from adolescence into adulthood. SxAnxDep were assessed repeatedly with a maximum of eight assessments over a 25-year period. Data were ordered in 30 age groups and analysed with longitudinal genetic models. Results. Over age, there was a significant increase during adolescence in mean scores with sex differences (women>men) emerging. Heritability was high in childhood and decreased to 30-40% during adulthood. This decrease in heritability was due to an increase in environmental variance. Phenotypic stability was moderate in children (correlations across ages similar to 0.5) and high in adolescents (r = 0.6), young adults (r = 0.7), and adults (r = 0.8). Longitudinal stability was mostly attributable to genetic factors. During childhood and adolescence there was also significant genetic innovation, which was absent in adults. Environmental effects contributed to short-term stability. Conclusions. The substantial stability in SxAnxDep is mainly due to genetic effects. The importance of environmental effects increases with age and explains the relatively low heritability of depression in adults. The environmental effects are transient, but the contribution to stability increases with age.

引用

页码：1039 / 1049

页数：11

共 41 条

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Willemsen, Gonneke ;

Vink, Jacqueline M. ;

Abdellaoui, Abdel ;

den Braber, Anouk ;

van Beek, Jenny H. D. A. ;

Draisma, Harmen H. M. ;

van Dongen, Jenny ;

van't Ent, Dennis ;

Geels, Lot M. ;

van Lien, Rene ;

Ligthart, Lannie ;

Kattenberg, Mathijs ;

Mbarek, Hamdi ;

de Moor, Marleen H. M. ;

Neijts, Melanie ;

Pool, Rene ;

Stroo, Natascha ;

Kluft, Cornelis ;

Suchiman, H. Eka D. ;

Slagboom, P. Eline ;

de Geus, Eco J. C. ;

Boomsma, Dorret I. .

TWIN RESEARCH AND HUMAN GENETICS, 2013, 16 (01) :271-281

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