Two new species of Phaenocarpa Foerster are described from South America: P. hyalina Trostle and P. pericarpa Wharton and Carrejo. Phaenocarpa pericarpa was reared from Anastrepha distincta Greene in pods of Inga, representing the first host record for Phaenocarpa in South America. A key separating the South American species of Phaenocarpa is included.