Re-framing urban green spaces planning for flood protection through socio-ecological resilience in Bandung City, Indonesia

An increasing number of studies use the advantages of the ecosystem services (ES) framework compared to the standard approach for identifying priority locations for urban green spaces. Few of these studies discuss the disparities between supply and demand of ES, which are dependent on spatial relationships and even fewer reveal the impact of land use zoning on disparities in ES. We advance the ES framework by examining the equitable distribution and resilient supply of flood protection of urban green spaces in Bandung City. To illustrate supply, we used land cover-based methods to produce flood protection benefits whereas we used the IPCC Risk Framework to generate flood risk for indicating demand. This study found that the distribution of urban green spaces is not equitably distributed and green space locations do not offer resilient supply of flood protection. Moreover, Bandung's existing zoning regulations will exacerbate these problems in the future. This paper provides insights into the considerations for determining spatial priorities in planning urban green spaces especially for flood protection and co-leverage of flood adaptation and mitigation measures. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates how to re-frame urban green spaces planning through socio-ecological resilience to inform the decision-making process in delivering inclusive urban ES.