Experimental study of different silicon sensor options for the upgrade of the CMS Outer Tracker

被引：3

作者：

Adam, W. ^{[1
]}

Bergauer, T. ^{[1
]}

Bloch, D. ^{[1
,10
]}

Brondolin, E. ^{[1
,82
]}

Dragicevic, M. ^{[1
]}

Fruhwirth, R. ^{[1
,83
]}

Hinger, V. ^{[1
]}

Steininger, H. ^{[1
]}

Treberer-Treberspurg, W. ^{[1
]}

Beaumont, W. ^{[2
]}

Di Croce, D. ^{[2
]}

Janssen, X. ^{[2
]}

Lauwers, J. ^{[2
]}

Van Mechelen, P. ^{[2
]}

Van Remortel, N. ^{[2
]}

Blekman, F. ^{[3
]}

Chhibra, S. S. ^{[3
]}

De Clercq, J. ^{[3
]}

D'Hondt, J. ^{[3
]}

Lowette, S. ^{[3
]}

Marchesini, I. ^{[3
]}

Moortgat, S. ^{[3
]}

Python, Q. ^{[3
]}

Skovpen, K. ^{[3
]}

Bols, E. Sorensen ^{[3
]}

Van Mulders, P. ^{[3
]}

Allard, Y. ^{[4
]}

Beghin, D. ^{[4
]}

Bilin, B. ^{[4
]}

Brun, H. ^{[4
]}

Clerbaux, B. ^{[4
]}

De Lentdecker, G. ^{[4
]}

Delannoy, H. ^{[4
]}

Deng, W. ^{[4
]}

Favart, L. ^{[4
]}

Goldouzian, R. ^{[4
]}

Grebenyuk, A. ^{[4
]}

Kalsi, A. ^{[4
]}

Makarenko, I. ^{[4
]}

Moureaux, L. ^{[4
]}

Popov, A. ^{[4
]}

Postiau, N. ^{[4
]}

Robert, F. ^{[4
]}

Song, Z. ^{[4
]}

Thomas, L. ^{[4
]}

Vanlaer, P. ^{[4
]}

Vannerom, D. ^{[4
]}

Wang, Q. ^{[4
]}

Wang, H. ^{[4
]}

Yang, Y. ^{[4
]}

机构：

[1] Inst Hochenergiephys, Vienna, Austria

[2] Univ Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

[3] Vrije Univ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium

[4] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

[5] Catholic Univ Louvain, Louvain La Neuve, Belgium

[6] Inst Ruder Boskovic, Zagreb, Croatia

[7] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland

[8] Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland

[9] Lappeenranta Univ Technol, Lappeenranta, Finland

[10] Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC, UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France

[11] Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, CNRS,IN2P3, Villeurbanne, France

[12] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 1, Aachen, Germany

[13] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst B 3, Aachen, Germany

[14] DESY, Hamburg, Germany

[15] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

[16] KIT, Inst Expt Teilchenphys, Karlsruhe, Germany

[17] NCSR Demokritos, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece

[18] Wigner Res Ctr Phys, Budapest, Hungary

[19] Univ Delhi, Delhi, India

[20] Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Kolkata, India

[21] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, Bari, Italy

[22] Univ Bari, Bari, Italy

[23] Politecn Bari, Bari, Italy

[24] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Catania, Italy

[25] Univ Catania, Catania, Italy

[26] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, Florence, Italy

[27] Univ Firenze, Florence, Italy

[28] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, Genoa, Italy

[29] Univ Genoa, Genoa, Italy

[30] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy

[31] Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy

[32] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, Padua, Italy

[33] Univ Padua, Padua, Italy

[34] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia, Bergamo, Italy

[35] Univ Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy

[36] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, Perugia, Italy

[37] Univ Perugia, Perugia, Italy

[38] CNR, IOM Perugia, Perugia, Italy

[39] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, Pisa, Italy

[40] Univ Pisa, Pisa, Italy

[41] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Pisa, Italy

[42] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, Turin, Italy

[43] Univ Torino, Turin, Italy

[44] Politecn Torino, Turin, Italy

[45] Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria IFCA, Santander, Spain

[46] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, Geneva, Switzerland

[47] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland

[48] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Particle Phys, Zurich, Switzerland

[49] Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

[50] Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan

来源：

JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION | 2020年 / 15卷 / 04期

基金：

英国科学技术设施理事会; 芬兰科学院;

关键词：

Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Particle tracking detectors (Solid-state detectors); Radiation-hard detectors; Si microstrip and pad detectors; HIGH-ENERGY;

D O I：

10.1088/1748-0221/15/04/P04017

中图分类号：

TH7 [仪器、仪表];

学科分类号：

0804 ; 080401 ; 081102 ;

摘要：

During the high-luminosity phase of the LHC (HL-LHC), planned to start in 2027, the accelerator is expected to deliver an instantaneous peak luminosity of up to 7.5 x 10(34) cm(-2) s(-1). A total integrated luminosity of 3000 or even 4000 fb(-1) is foreseen to be delivered to the general purpose detectors ATLAS and CMS over a decade, thereby increasing the discovery potential of the LHC experiments significantly. The CMS detector will undergo a major upgrade for the HL-LHC, with entirely new tracking detectors consisting of an Outer Tracker and Inner Tracker. However, the new tracking system will be exposed to a significantly higher radiation than the current tracker, requiring new radiation-hard sensors. CMS initiated an extensive irradiation and measurement campaign starting in 2009 to systematically compare the properties of different silicon materials and design choices for the Outer Tracker sensors. Several test structures and sensors were designed and implemented on 18 different combinations of wafer materials, thicknesses, and production technologies. The devices were electrically characterized before and after irradiation with neutrons, and with protons of different energies, with fluences corresponding to those expected at different radii of the CMS Outer Tracker after 3000 fb(-1). The tests performed include studies with beta sources, lasers, and beam scans. This paper compares the performance of different options for the HL-LHC silicon sensors with a focus on silicon bulk material and thickness.

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