Biomimetic Magnetosomes as Versatile Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cells to Potentiate T-Cell-Based Anticancer Therapy

Adoptive T-cell transfer for cancer therapy relies on both effective ex vivo T-cell expansion and in vivo targeting performance. One promising but challenging method for accomplishing this purpose is to construct multifunctional artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs). We herein developed biomimetic magnetosomes as versatile aAPCs, wherein magnetic nanoclusters were coated with azide-engineered leucocyte membranes and then decorated with T-cell stimuli through copper-free click chemistry. These nano aAPCs not only exhibited high performance for antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) expansion and stimulation but also visually and effectively guided reinfused CTLs to tumor tissues through magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic control. The persisting T cells were able to delay tumor growth in a murine lymphoma model, while the systemic toxicity was not notable. These results together demonstrated the excellent potential of this "one-but-all" aAPC platform for T-cell-based anticancer immunotherapy.