lingual lesions in lupus erythematosus: A literature review

Introduction. There are few studies focusing on ungual lesions in patients with lupus erythematosus (LE). The aim of this study is to describe the type and the prevalence of ungual lesions among LE patients. Patients and methods. A systematic literature review with analysis of individual data was performed by searching the MEDLINE database for scientific articles using the keywords "lupus erythematosus" and "nail". Results. Two -hundred and eighty-seven cases were collated including 55.1% women, with an average age of 32.2 11 years. The most common ungual or peri-ungual lesions were longitudinal ridging (83 patients, 28.9%), peri-ungual erythema (62 patients, 21.6%), onycholysis (60 patients, 20.9%), melanonychia (34 patients, 11.8%) and dyschromia (33 patients, 11.5%). An association between the presence of onycholysis and peri-ungual erythema and disease activity was noted [respectively 33 (38.8%) and 26 (30.6%) patients out of 85 with active disease versus 3 (5.8%) and 4 (7.7%) patients out of 52 with non -active disease, P< 0.001 and P-0.018]. Screening for fungal infection was performed in one third of the cases, with proven onychomycosis in 34.7% of cases. Discussion. Ungual lesions are not specific and do not permit diagnosis of LE. They can in fact occur in other diseases such as connective tissue disorders. However, their diagnosis is important because they may be the presenting sign in LE, and certain of them may be associated with more active disease. Onychomycosis is frequently a confounding factor in such immunocompromised patients. 0 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.