Calculate the best slope angle of photovoltaic panels theoretically in all cities in Turkey

The preeminent slope angle of solar panels is an important determinant of falling solar radiation on the surface of photovoltaic panels. Characteristics of the position of latitude, the sun, and local geography must be explained and understood to determine the slope angle correctly. This study presents a model built mathematically by using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to achieve the total monthly, seasonally and annual solar radiation on tilted photovoltaic panels in all provinces in Turkey. From NASA Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources (power), horizontal solar radiation data were obtained for the purposes of calculating. Also, the best fixed tilt angle (beta) was determined by finding the value of angle from 0 degrees to 90 degrees in steps of 1 degrees for which the total maximum solar radiation on the photovoltaic surface was obtained. The study aims particularly at facilitating the installation of the pv panel after determining the best fixed tilt angle (beta) to obtain the best solar radiation in the absence of meteorological data for all provinces in Turkey. This research is considered as a reference for any interested researcher. The results showed that the highest value of annual solar radiation occurs in the province of Aydin with 8027.55 Mj/m(2) year and monthly optimum tilt angle is equal to 37.17 degrees. On the other hand, the lowest amount of annual solar radiation occurs in the province of Artvin with 5586.74 Mj/m(2) year and monthly optimum tilt angle is equal to 38.83 degrees. As a result, the average annual fixed monthly optimum tilt angle in Turkey is equal to 38.14 degrees with solar radiation about 6866.1136 Mj/m(2)year.