Photopic contrast sensitivity.: Local contrast perception

Contrast perception is an important visual function. Contrast sensitivity (CS) is affected by to optical reasons (aberrations, scatter, diffraction) or neural dysfunction (e.g., glaucoma, optic nerve diseases). In clinical practice the measurement of CS is relevant for disease monitoring, expert opinions, roadworthiness assessment, and recruitment screening. Furthermore, CS testing is often required in studies assessing optical quality, e.g., cataract or refractive surgery. Adding an appropriate glare source allows measurement of the glare-induced loss of CS (disability glare). Compared to high-contrast acuity, CS is more variable and strongly depends on the type of test, illumination, test strategy, and contrast definition; ceiling effects are quite common among many tests. Maximal standardization is important, especially for follow-up exams. In summary, CS testing cannot be regarded as a routine test. The present report by the DOG commission for quality management of psychophysical assessment covers the physiological background, testing principles, and strategies and presents a tabular overview of common tests.