3D printing innovation: New insights into upper extremity surgery planning

Introduction: Surgical planning relies on the use of images to develop an action plan prior to the ac-tual surgical intervention. Imaging technology improvement together with the development of specific software to treat three dimensional images has increased the accuracy and capabilities of pre-surgical planning. In addition to this, 3D printing allows us to manufacture customized surgical tools to imple-ment and aid in the success of surgeries. Material and Methods: 3D virtual planning together with 3D printing has been implemented through different approaches in 8 different upper extremity trauma cases. We describe these 8 cases (2 women and 6 men with ages ranging from 16 to 67 years), their specific challenges and management. Results: We show how 3D technology changes the conception, planning and execution of surgery in 8 different cases. In addition, we describe what challenges were faced as well as the various utilities of 3D technology beyond that of anatomical model printing. Conclusions: The use of 3D technology has improved and enhanced surgical planning. It allows us to view and virtually manipulate fracture fragments prior to surgery. It also enables us to develop customized sur-gical tools and guides that can increase the accuracy of certain procedures, and help in the management of orthopaedic and trauma lesions. We believe that the use of this technology is beneficial to both the patient and surgeon, since it reduces surgical time and complications giving a better understanding of the injury and its treatment. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.