Oppositional defiant disorder: Evidence-based review of behavioral treatment programs

BACKGROUND: Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a common clinical condition seen among children and adolescents in behavioral health settings. In this article, we review behavioral treatment programs and their clinical use in managing ODD. METHODS: We searched PubMed, PsycInfo, and Scopus from 2000 to 2020 using the terms "oppositional defiant disorder" and "treatment." We found 1,665 articles, including clinical trials, review articles, and case control studies of evidence-based ODD treatments in patients age <18. Articles were screened to identify literature focusing on evidence-based behavioral treatment programs for ODD. RESULTS: The literature search revealed abundant evidence supporting the role of behavioral treatment programs for managing ODD and other disruptive behavior disorders. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings on established and effective strategies, including Parent Management Training, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, Collaborative Problem Solving, Incredible Years program, Triple-P Positive Parenting Program, Start Now and Plan program, and Coping Power Program. CONCLUSIONS: ODD can cause significant distress to patients and their caregivers. Familiarity with behavioral treatment programs provides clinicians with tools for managing this condition in clinical settings.