A Discrete Time-Cost-Environment Trade-Off Problem with Multiple Projects: The Jinping-I Hydroelectric Station Project

Stronger environmental protection regulations and innovative contracting methods focused on reducing environmental impact through new incentives have placed increasing pressure on decision makers, especially those on large-scale construction projects. This increase has led to a need to identify optimal decision and select the most efficient construction modes for each activity to minimize not only the project's time and penalty costs but also its environmental impact. To address this need, this paper applies a mathematical model based on a hybrid genetic algorithm with fuzzy logic controller (flc-hGA) to the time-costenvironmental trade-off problem with multiple projects under a fuzzy environment. Applying the proposed method to the case study of the Jinping-I Hydropower Station, a large-scale project in Southwest China, clearly demonstrates its economic, technological, and social ecological effectiveness.