Lipid Droplet-Specific Probe for Rapidly Locating Atherosclerotic Plaques and Intraoperative Imaging via In Situ Spraying

The ability to visualize the full extent of atherosclerotic plaques during surgery has major implications for therapeutic outcomes. Fluorescence imaging is a promising approach for atherosclerotic plaque inspection during surgery. However, a specific strategy for the intraoperative fluorescence imaging of atherosclerosis has not been established. This study presents an in situ spraying aerosol of a lipid droplet-specific probe to rapidly and precisely locate atherosclerotic plaques during surgery. Stable imaging of the plaque was achieved within 5 min by nebulizing the aqueous solution of the lipid droplet-specific probe (CN-PD) into 3 mu m droplets and rapidly permeating it in situ. The visible fluorescence bioimaging of CN-PD can accurately delineate the plaque margins and size even with a diameter <= 0.5 mm, which are capable of being swiftly captured during the stable plaque imaging window (>2 h). This strategy combines the consideration of a specific probe design and an efficient in situ delivery, which results in weak interference from the background signals. Therefore, the plaque-to-normal tissue ratio (P/N) is sufficient to facilitate the surgical delineation of carotid atherosclerotic plaques. The originality of the intraoperative fluorescence imaging of the plaques via in situ delivery of the lipid droplet-specific probe holds promise for effective clinical application.