Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients serve as a predictor for the incidence of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction following orthopedic surgery

The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the levels of the plasma biomarkers, cortisol, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-, change in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD); thus, may serve as predictive factors for POCD. In total, 75 adolescent scoliosis patients, aged between 11 and 18 years and categorized as American Society of Anesthesiologists classification I or II, were scheduled for orthopedic surgery with general anesthesia. Blood samples were collected on the day of admission and at day 2 following surgery. The plasma levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF- were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while the concentrations of cortisol were determined using a radioimmunoassay. Cognitive function was assessed one day prior to and at day 7 following the surgery in a quiet room with the guidance of a Chinese version protocol. In total, 66 patients completed the sample collection and neurocognitive tests. According to the criteria for the diagnosis of POCD, 19 patients (28.8%) developed POCD within seven days of surgery. No statistically significant differences were observed in the baseline concentrations of cortisol, TNF-, IL-1, IL-10 or IL-6 between the POCD and non-POCD groups. However, the baseline plasma level of TNF- on day 2 in the POCD group was found to be higher compared with the non-POCD group. In addition, at day 2 after surgery, the concentration of cortisol in the non-POCD group was higher compared with the POCD group. Therefore, the plasma level of TNF- in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients at day 2 following orthopedic surgery may be a predictor for the incidence of early POCD.