Cropping Practices and Soil Properties Associated with Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Corn Fields in Ohio

Ten morphological groups of plant-parasitic nematodes (spiral, lesion, lance, dagger, stunt, pin, ring, stubby-root, cyst, and miscellaneous tylenchids) were detected in corn fields in Ohio, but the presence and population density of these groups varied among fields. Binary and ordinal logistic regression models were fitted to the data to estimate the odds of each group being present, and the lesion, lance, spiral, and pin nematode population densities being at moderate-high risk levels based on soil region, cropping sequence, tillage, and soil pH, silt content, and electrical conductivity. All covariates were associated with at least one nematode group, but soil region had the greatest and most consistent effect. Dagger and ring nematodes were more likely to be present in region 6 than in any of the other regions, whereas lance, stunt, pin, stubby-root, and spiral nematodes were more likely to be present in regions I to 5 than 6. Spiral, lance, and pin nematode population densities were more likely to be at moderate-high risk levels in regions 3 and 4 than in region 6. Fields under conservation tillage were two times more likely to have moderate-high risk lance nematode population densities than fields under conventional tillage. Similarly, pin nematode population densities were two times more likely to be at moderate-high risk levels in fields under rotation than in continuous corn. For every unit increase in soil pH, the odds of the spiral nematode population density being at moderate-high risk levels increased by 43%, but the odds of the lesion and pin nematode population densities being at the same risk level decreased by 63 and 29%, respectively. The predicted probability of lesion and lance population densities being at moderate-high risk levels decreased as the silt content of the soil increased. These finding will be useful for developing future nematode sampling protocols and for assessing the risk associated with nematodes in corn fields in Ohio.