The long term health consequences of polycystic ovary syndrome

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome have both insulin resistance and β cell dysfunction. Consequently, they are at increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome present to clinicians at a young age and as such offer a unique opportunity to identify insulin resistant patients at an early stage. This enables the modification of risk factors and diagnosis of diabetes before the onset of macro- and micro-vascular symptoms. Increased emphasis should thus be placed on long term risk management and diabetic screening with advice on smoking, exercise and, if appropriate, weight loss. Where possible drugs that exacerbate insulin resistance should be avoided and consideration should be given to the use of insulin sensitising agents, particularly in the obese.