AC and DC voltages from a Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer

We have synthesized and measured ac and de voltages using a Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer, On-chip filtering has enabled the first practical operating margins for ac and arbitrary waveforms, Using a digital voltmeter, we demonstrate the operating margins and linearity of 101 synthesized de voltages and confirm the flatness of a single voltage step. We present the first ac-dc and ac-ac voltage measurements of the synthesizer at 3.65 mV using an ac-dc thermal transfer standard. This quantum-based standard source can be used to measure the ac-dc difference of thermal transfer standards at small voltages.