A survey on radiation protection awareness at various hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan

Purpose: To assess the awareness level of radiation protection among the radiation workers (i.e. medical radiation technologists, medical physicists, and medical radiological professionals) at the selected radiology, nuclear medicine, and radiotherapy facilities in Karachi, Pakistan.Material and methods: This survey was carried out in Karachi which has the largest number of hospitals, including radiology, nuclear medicine, and radiotherapy facilities in all Pakistan. In this double-blind survey, a question-naire was designed and distributed to one hundred and sixty five (165) medical radiation workers at their respective workplaces. These radiation workers included the medical radiation technologists, medical physicists, and medical radiological practitioners. These radiation workers had varying experiences, training records, edu-cation, and fields of specialization. Out of these total 165 respondents, 84 belonged to the radiology facilities, 20 to nuclear medicine facilities, and 61 to radiotherapy facilities. The educational level was classified as less than 16 years, and equal to or greater than 16 years. Similarly, the training was classified as "attended" or "never attended" and the experience as less than five years, between 5 and 10 years, and greater than ten years. The data was processed through SPSS (v.20) against a significance level (P <= 0.05).Results: The statistical analysis of the survey indicates that the radiation workers in radiology, nuclear medicine, and radiotherapy facilities in Karachi have limited awareness of radiation protection issues. The overall outcome of the survey also concluded that the awareness regarding radiation effects, radiation warning signs, and annual dose limit is optimum. However, the response to the questions related to patient protection remained unsatisfactory. Conclusion: This study showed that most of the radiation workers who participated in the survey lacked appro-priate awareness of radiation protection measures. The radiation workers did show a better understanding of basic radiation protection parameters, such as the annual dose limit and radiation effects. However, the radiation workers needed an overall improvement in radiation protection awareness, particularly, related to patient pro-tection. This awareness and knowledge should be improved through systematic and periodic trainings.