The use of tantalum cones for reconstruction of bone defects in revision total knee arthroplasty

Revision arthroplasty of the knee is often associated with substantial femoral and/or tibial bone loss. Tantalum cones are used to reconstruct these defects and to improve initial stability. This requires an implantation in the "press-fit" technique with maximum contact to the host bone. Tantalum cones may be used in grade 2-3 femoral and/or tibial defects according to the AORI (Anderson Orthopedic Research Institute) classification system. There are no contraindications described. After removal of the implant and cement remnants, bone defects have to be evaluated. A tantalum cone which adequately fills the bone defect is implanted using the "press-fit" technique. If necessary, saving resection of surplus bone to fit the cone properly. Gaps between the cone and the host bone are filled with cancellous bone in "impaction-bone-grafting" technique to increase the area of contact. Fitting the revision knee prosthesis and fixing with the use of bone cement. Postoperative physiotherapy is adjusted to the result of the reconstruction. In most cases with stable reconstruction, mobilization with full weight-bearing and the use of two crutches can be performed. Additional bone grafting may require a partial weight-bearing regimen for postoperative mobilization. Physiotherapy to improve range of motion is performed starting on postoperative day 1. Several studies reported promising midterm results (observation period about 36 months) after implantation of tantalum cones in revision knee arthroplasty. There is consistent evidence for stable osteointegration of the cones. The main intraoperative complication is fracture of the host bone during impaction of the cones.