Natural Honeycomb Flavone Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone)-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Fabrication for Improved Bactericidal and Skin Regeneration

Functionalization of biocompounds on a nanomaterials surface will decrease their detrimental side effects and escape them from immunological rejection. In this study, we developed a sustainable green chemistry route to fabricate natural honeycomb flavone chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone ChR)-reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (ChR-rGONSs) using a simple experimental setup. The hydroxyl (O-H) functional group of ChR wires the reduction and generation of functionalized ChR-rGONSs, and it was characterized through Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and X-ray photo electron (XPS) spectroscopic analyses. Effective reduction of graphene oxide (GO) into ChR-rGONSs was further revealed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), and field emission scanning electron microscopic (FE-SEM) measurements. Using the high resolution transmission electron microscopic (HR-TEM) images, zeta potential, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic (EDAX) analyses, we have shown the fine morphological features, surface charge, and stableness of fabricated ChR-rGONSs. Thermo-stable properties of ChR-rGONSs were much greater than ChR and GO. In a disc diffusion study, the ChR-rGONSs showed an excellent inhibitory action against 11 bacterial pathogens comparatively with raw graphite (G), free ChR, and GO, which clearly depicts their enhanced antimicrobial value. Moreover, in vivo studies proved that the ChR-rGONSs promote rapid skin regeneration and wound closure action compared with other treatments such as raw-G, GO, and free ChR. The ChR-rGONSs exhibited no signs of toxicity against treated animal models and also causes less RBCs lysis, which represents their biocompatibility for direct wound dressing and other regenerative medicine applications.