The Plant Propagation Algorithm for the Optimal Operation of Directional Over-Current Relays in Electrical Engineering

In modern and large scale power distribution topologies, directional relays play an important role in the operation of an electrical system. These relays must be coordinated optimally so that their overall operating time is reduced to a minimum. They are sensor protection devices for the power systems and must be coordinated properly. The present work uses a metaheuristic optimization technique known as the Plant Propagation Algorithm (PPA) in order to suggest improved solutions for the optimization problem of coordination of directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs). We have obtained comparatively better solutions for the overall operating times taken by relays fitted on important positions in the system. Our findings are useful in isolating the faulty lines efficiently and in keeping the continuity of power supply. The difference in response times taken in coordination between primary relays and corresponding backup relays is minimized. The output of our experiments is compared with various algorithms and classical optimization techniques, which are found in the literature. Moreover, graphical analyses are presented for each problem to further clarify the results.