SEIOMM recommendations on the prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency

Objetive: Provide evidence-based recommendations for preventing and treating vitamin D deficiency. Methods: A multidisciplinary working group made up of 10 members of the Spanish Society for Bone Research and Mineral Metabolism (SEIOMM), formulated the clinical questions of interest. Subsequently, a systematic review of the literature was carried out in M ED LIN E (PubMed), EM BASE and Cochrane on the available evidence for each of the questions posed. Articles published in English or Spanish between July 15, 2016 and December 31, 2020 were included. To establish the strength of the recommendations and the degree of evidence, the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used. After the formulation of the recommendations, these were discussed jointly in the working group and ratified by all SEIOMM members. Results and conclusions: This document establishes a series of recommendations on optimal concentrations and screening for 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency, vitamin D requirements in different populations, sun exposure and supplementation strategies in patients with deficiency.