Energy hybridization photovoltaic/diesel generator/pump storage hydroelectric management based on online optimal fuel consumption per kWh

Algerian agriculture projects are oriented in Sahara. As it is known they need electrical energy, generally provided by diesel generators. Because of the far and remote distance, the refuelling process is very expensive. So, sustainable development needs hybridization with a local renewable energy (solar energy in this case). Accordingly, the PV panels produce sometimes an excess of power and in other times a lack of power. To overcome this uncontrolled power production, storage device is mandatory. In this work a pump storage hydroelectric system is preferred for its ecological aspect and the subject context. The energy management of this hybridization type requires a specific control. The proposed energy management takes into account the temporal solar energy availability and link it to the online diesel fuel consumption optimization and the pumping constraints. The proposal proves the effectiveness of pump storage hydroelectric double effect system in the irrigation and electrical power restitution, in addition to fuel saving and reduction of CO2 emission. This study proves that the new accurate formulation of online fuel consumption per kWh compared to that of the literature is successfully tested in the proposed energy management and can be used in other future analogous studies.