Tranexamic acid for reducing blood loss following vaginal delivery: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a useful drug for prevention of PPH and merits evaluation in Nigeria, where PPH is the leading cause of maternal death (25%) and severe maternal morbidity. This study evaluates the efficacy of TXA in reducing blood loss following vaginal delivery. Methods: This was a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study on the efficacy and safety of intravenous TXA in reducing blood loss in women undergoing vaginal delivery in a tertiary hospital. Data analysis was conducted with IBM SPSS software (version 20, Chicago II, USA). P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean estimated blood loss was lower in TXA compared with the placebo group. (174.87 +/- 119.83 ml versus 341.07 +/- 67.97 ml respectively; P< 0.0001). PPH (blood loss> 500 ml) was 5.13% in the study arm compared to the control arm 7.14%- risk ratio (RR) 0.71; 95% CI: 0.38-1.79, p = 0.5956]. Additional uterotonics was required more in the control group compared to the treatment group 14(16.67%) versus 3(3.85%), p-value= 0.007. There were no major complications noticed in the treatment group. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that intravenous administration of TXA reduced blood loss following vaginal delivery. It also reduced the need for additional uterotonics. However, blood loss greater than 500 was not significantly reduced.