Observation of the hyperfine spectrum of antihydrogen

被引：98

作者：

Ahmadi, M. ^{[1
]}

Alves, B. X. R. ^{[2
]}

Baker, C. J. ^{[3
]}

Bertsche, W. ^{[4
,5
]}

Butler, E. ^{[6
]}

Capra, A. ^{[7
]}

Carruth, C. ^{[8
]}

Cesar, C. L. ^{[9
]}

Charlton, M. ^{[3
]}

Cohen, S. ^{[10
]}

Collister, R. ^{[7
]}

Eriksson, S. ^{[3
]}

Evans, A. ^{[11
]}

Evetts, N. ^{[12
]}

Fajans, J. ^{[8
]}

Friesen, T. ^{[2
]}

Fujiwara, M. C. ^{[7
]}

Gill, D. R. ^{[7
]}

Gutierrez, A. ^{[12
,13
]}

Hangst, J. S. ^{[2
]}

Hardy, W. N. ^{[12
]}

Hayden, M. E. ^{[14
]}

Isaac, C. A. ^{[3
]}

Ishida, A. ^{[15
]}

Johnson, M. A. ^{[4
,5
]}

Jones, S. A. ^{[3
]}

Jonsell, S. ^{[16
]}

Kurchaninov, L. ^{[7
]}

Madsen, N. ^{[3
]}

Mathers, M. ^{[17
]}

Maxwell, D. ^{[3
]}

McKenna, J. T. K. ^{[7
]}

Menary, S. ^{[17
]}

Michan, J. M. ^{[7
,18
]}

Momose, T. ^{[12
]}

Munich, J. J. ^{[14
]}

Nolan, P. ^{[1
]}

Olchanski, K. ^{[7
]}

Olin, A. ^{[7
,19
]}

Pusa, P. ^{[1
]}

Rasmussen, C. O. ^{[2
]}

Robicheaux, F. ^{[20
]}

Sacramento, R. L. ^{[9
]}

Sameed, M. ^{[3
]}

Sarid, E. ^{[21
]}

Silveira, D. M. ^{[9
]}

Stracka, S. ^{[7
,22
,23
]}

Stutter, G. ^{[2
]}

So, C.

Tharp, T. D. ^{[24
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England

[2] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

[3] Swansea Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Phys, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales

[4] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M12 9PL, Lancs, England

[5] Sci Tech Daresbury, Cockcroft Inst, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England

[6] CERN, Dept Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland

[7] TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada

[8] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[9] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

[10] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel

[11] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada

[12] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada

[13] UCL, Dept Med Phys & Biomed Engn, London WC1E 6BT, England

[14] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada

[15] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan

[16] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[17] York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada

[18] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Swiss Plasma Ctr, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

[19] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada

[20] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA

[21] Soreq NRC, IL-81800 Yavne, Israel

[22] Univ Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy

[23] Sez INFN Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy

[24] Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, POB 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA

[25] CEA Saclay, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

来源：

NATURE | 2017年 / 548卷 / 7665期

基金：

英国工程与自然科学研究理事会; 加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会; 美国国家科学基金会; 欧洲研究理事会;

关键词：

TRAPPED ANTIHYDROGEN; MAGNETIC-MOMENT; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; DEUTERIUM; MASER;

D O I：

10.1038/nature23446

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

The observation of hyperfine structure in atomic hydrogen by Rabi and co-workers(1-3) and the measurement(4) of the zero-field ground-state splitting at the level of seven parts in 10(13) are important achievements of mid-twentieth-century physics. The work that led to these achievements also provided the first evidence for the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron(5-8), inspired Schwinger's relativistic theory of quantum electrodynamics(9,10) and gave rise to the hydrogen maser(11), which is a critical component of modern navigation, geo-positioning and very-long-baseline interferometry systems. Research at the Antiproton Decelerator at CERN by the ALPHA collaboration extends these enquiries into the antimatter sector. Recently, tools have been developed that enable studies of the hyperfine structure of antihydrogen(12)-the antimatter counterpart of hydrogen. The goal of such studies is to search for any differences that might exist between this archetypal pair of atoms, and thereby to test the fundamental principles on which quantum field theory is constructed. Magnetic trapping of antihydrogen atoms(13,14) provides a means of studying them by combining electromagnetic interaction with detection techniques that are unique to antimatter(12,15). Here we report the results of a microwave spectroscopy experiment in which we probe the response of antihydrogen over a controlled range of frequencies. The data reveal clear and distinct signatures of two allowed transitions, from which we obtain a direct, magnetic-field-independent measurement of the hyperfine splitting. From a set of trials involving 194 detected atoms, we determine a splitting of 1,420.4 +/- 0.5 megahertz, consistent with expectations for atomic hydrogen at the level of four parts in 10(4). This observation of the detailed behaviour of a quantum transition in an atom of antihydrogen exemplifies tests of fundamental symmetries such as charge-parity-time in antimatter, and the techniques developed here will enable more-precise such tests.

引用

页码：66 / +

页数：5

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