Experimental exergy analyses in a DI diesel engine fuelled with a mixture of diesel fuel and TiO2 nano-particle

In this study, the operation of a four-cylinder, four-stroke DI diesel engine powered by fuels created by blending diesel and TiO2 nanoparticles was evaluated based on energy and exergy analyses. Within the study's scope, it is possible to see the engine's performance, combustion, emission, and heat transfer distribution at various engine speeds. The engine was tested by operating it with diesel and fuel blends, diesel-2.5 ppm TiO2. According to obtained results, it was found that by adding 2.5 ppm TiO2 to diesel fuel, energy and exergy efficiency increased by 4.1% and 3%. Engine power and shaft exergy improved by 3.4%, and diesel-2.5 ppm TiO2 blends decreased irreversibility by 3.8%. Diesel-2.5 ppm TiO2 blended fuel decreases the exhaust loss exergy and exhaust heat losses by 2.5% and 1.4% and also uncounted heat losses reduced by 5.7% compared with baseline diesel. Moreover, the exergy transfer with cooling water increased by 10.5% compared with baseline diesel fuel. The brake specific fuel consumption was 3% lower for diesel and 2.5 ppm TiO2 nano-particle blended fuels. The engine fueled with blended fuel revealed mitigation in the UHC, CO, and Soot emissions than those of diesel fuel. NOx emission exhibited increasing trends with the blended fuel. It is concluded that diesel blend with the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles exhibits better engine performance and reduced emissions compared to diesel fuel.